{"id":720,"date":"2021-06-18T14:06:39","date_gmt":"2021-06-18T12:06:39","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/frenchmobility.eu\/?p=720"},"modified":"2021-06-18T14:06:39","modified_gmt":"2021-06-18T12:06:39","slug":"les-aides-detat-un-outil-de-transition-vers-une-mobilite-plus-verte","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/frenchautomobility.eu\/index.php\/2021\/06\/18\/les-aides-detat-un-outil-de-transition-vers-une-mobilite-plus-verte\/","title":{"rendered":"Les aides d\u2019Etat\u00a0:\u00a0un outil de transition vers une mobilit\u00e9 plus verte"},"content":{"rendered":"

Le contexte climatique impacte le d\u00e9bat europ\u00e9en sur les aides d\u2019Etat, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire les subventions publiques aux entreprises. Elles sont par principe, et sauf exception, interdites par le droit europ\u00e9en, car jug\u00e9es contraires au principe de libre concurrence du march\u00e9 unique. N\u00e9anmoins, elles peuvent s\u2019av\u00e9rer \u00eatre un instrument utile pour aider les Etats membres \u00e0 mener leur transition.<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Le r\u00e9gime des aides d\u2019Etat de l\u2019UE<\/strong><\/p>\n

Les aides d\u2019Etat sont r\u00e9gies par le TFUE. La Commission europ\u00e9enne doit statuer sur la compatibilit\u00e9 des aides d\u2019Etat avec le march\u00e9 int\u00e9rieur avant que celles-ci ne soient vers\u00e9es. Pour guider les Etats membres, la Commission \u00e9labore et met \u00e0 jour des textes recensant les domaines pour lesquels il est possible de verser des subventions.<\/p>\n

Le General Block Exemption Regulation<\/a> (GBER), adopt\u00e9 en 2014, recense les cat\u00e9gories ou types d\u2019aides publiques compatibles avec le march\u00e9 int\u00e9rieur et le droit de l\u2019Union.<\/p>\n

Les Climate, Energy and Environmental Aid Guidelines (CEEAG)<\/a>, adopt\u00e9es en 2014, d\u00e9finissent les conditions dans lesquelles les aides \u00e0 l’\u00e9nergie et \u00e0 l’environnement peuvent \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9es comme compatibles avec le march\u00e9 int\u00e9rieur<\/p>\n

>>> Voir <\/em>l\u2019article de CARA sur les aides d\u2019Etat<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Contexte\u00a0: le Green Deal europ\u00e9en<\/strong><\/p>\n

Pour atteindre l’ambition fix\u00e9e par le Green Deal europ\u00e9en<\/a>, des investissements importants seront n\u00e9cessaires, notamment dans le domaine des \u00e9nergies renouvelables. Pour r\u00e9aliser les objectifs fix\u00e9s pour 2030, la Commission europ\u00e9enne a estim\u00e9 un besoin de 350 milliards \u20ac d’investissements annuels suppl\u00e9mentaires. Cela exige de mobiliser le secteur priv\u00e9, mais aussi potentiellement des fonds publics, de mani\u00e8re efficace. Les r\u00e8gles relatives aux aides d’\u00c9tat joueront un r\u00f4le important pour permettre la r\u00e9alisation de tels objectifs.<\/p>\n

Les r\u00e8gles relatives aux aides d’\u00c9tat<\/a> devraient \u00eatre r\u00e9vis\u00e9es pour refl\u00e9ter les objectifs politiques : une transition rentable vers la neutralit\u00e9 climatique et une suppression progressive des subventions aux combustibles fossiles, tout en garantissant des conditions de concurrence \u00e9quitables sur le march\u00e9 int\u00e9rieur.<\/p>\n

Les lignes directrices actuelles, qui datent de 2014, expireront le 31 d\u00e9cembre 2021. L’objectif est donc que les nouvelles lignes directrices entrent en vigueur au d\u00e9but de 2022.<\/p>\n

\u00c0 ce jour, les Climate, Energy and Environmental Aid Guidelines (CEEAG)<\/a> et les r\u00e8gles du General Block Exemption Regulation<\/a> (GBER) concernant la protection de l’environnement et l’\u00e9nergie ont g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement permis de soutenir les objectifs climatiques, mais certains aspects devraient \u00eatre simplifi\u00e9s et modernis\u00e9s. En outre, le Green Deal europ\u00e9en n\u00e9cessite une r\u00e9vision plus large et plus approfondie des EEAG afin qu’ils soient pleinement \u00e0 la hauteur du d\u00e9fi que repr\u00e9sente le Green Deal.<\/p>\n

Pour la Commission europ\u00e9enne, l\u2019objectif de cette r\u00e9vision est l\u2019\u00e9largissement du scope des CEEAG \u00e0 de nouveaux domaines (par exemple, la mobilit\u00e9 propre, la biodiversit\u00e9) et \u00e0 toutes les technologies susceptibles d’\u00eatre mises en \u0153uvre dans le cadre du Green Deal.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Des aides d\u2019Etat en faveur de l\u2019enjeu climatique<\/strong><\/p>\n

Pour faciliter la transition vers une mobilit\u00e9 propre, les CEEAG r\u00e9vis\u00e9es permettront de soutenir l’acquisition de v\u00e9hicules de transport propres (utilis\u00e9s pour le transport a\u00e9rien, routier, ferroviaire, fluvial, maritime et c\u00f4tier de passagers et de marchandises), de soutenir le d\u00e9ploiement d’infrastructures de recharge et de ravitaillement accessibles au public qui sont n\u00e9cessaires au fonctionnement des v\u00e9hicules propres, ou encore de financer des projets jusqu’\u00e0 concurrence du d\u00e9ficit de financement total en ce qui concerne les infrastructures de recharge et de ravitaillement.<\/p>\n

Les CEEAG comprendront une nouvelle section sur l’efficacit\u00e9 des ressources et la circularit\u00e9, permettant les subventions en faveur de l’efficacit\u00e9 des ressources du recyclage des mat\u00e9riaux ou substances. Concr\u00e8tement, le calcul des co\u00fbts admissibles reposera sur l’identification d’un contrefactuel afin de garantir que l’aide reste limit\u00e9e \u00e0 la compensation des co\u00fbts environnementaux.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

>>> Une consultation est actuellement ouverte concernant la r\u00e9vision des Guidelines CEEAG<\/a>. French Mobility travaille actuellement sur une r\u00e9ponse commune \u00e0 cette consultation.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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